 Queenie Hallegua, the guardian of Cochin’s Paradesi Synagogue and one of the last Jews in Cochin, passed away on August 11, 2024. Because of her Baghdadi background, she felt like family to me. She welcomed me into her home many times and graciously shared the stories, photos and customs of the community. I have a distant personal connection to Queenie: my great-aunt Helen, my grandmother’s sister, married Yosef Hallegua (anglicized to Hallen), among the dozen or so Cochini Jews who lived in Calcutta. When I visited Cochin with my parents in 1997, Queenie (her real name is Esther, the queen in the Purim story) and her husband Sammy, who was of Spanish and Portuguese heritage, welcomed us with a Shabbat feast that included pastel, a thin crepe made of rice flour and filled with egg and potato, as well as Baghdadi dishes finished off by homemade apricot brandy, ginger wine, and coffee liqueur. Sammy’s conversation overflowed with commentary about the legal and historic aspects of Judaism. His expertise ranged from managing the family’s substantial real estate assets to conducting synagogue services and playing tournament bridge. He often burst into song, marking the history of the community by the dates of the musical compositions. Sammy has since passed away, and their two children have settled in the U.S. The stewardship of the tiny community was in Queenie’s hands. On many subsequent tours, I visited Queenie in her home. The main living area was furnished with heavy, carved rosewood settees; a British Colonial plantation recliner with outstretched arms, and chairs with cane seats around a long dining room table. Often, she had just woken from her afternoon nap and was watching a soap opera with her servant, one of two sisters. She always wears the Magen David necklace with a Q in the center, a wedding gift from her household staff. I asked whether the Magen Davids that ornament her windows are a safety concern. “We don’t have any trouble,” she said. She brought out old albums. There she is as a bride in a long brocaded white wrap skirt, matching top, and shawl—the typical Cochini wedding dress. Before the wedding ceremony, she remembered, she walked to the synagogue to kiss the Torahs in the ark, accompanied by twenty Hindu drummers. “Pesah, oh my God! We used to make our own matza,” she said, flipping to pictures showing friends and family mixing the dough, rolling it out, cooking it on heated griddles, then storing it in huge bins in a special Passover room. “This is Sarah [Cohen], in the plaid wrap skirt,” she pointed out. “She was in charge of giving out the exact amount of water for the dough. This is me,” she pointed to a blurry figure with a brass rolling pin. I wanted to know if she still had the rolling pin. Queenie got up and, after a few moments, returned with it. It was slim and heavy, and when she rolled it back and forth over the table, the metal bead inside rang like a bell. Its rhythmic peal added to the drama of Matza Day, when the men used to blow the shofar and sing sections from the Haggadah while the matza was prepared. Thicker matzas that would be stacked in a set of three on the seder table were distinguished by designs made with prongs: The matza on the top had two lines; the middle one had three, and the one at the bottom, four. “How do you stay Jewish with so few people here?” I asked. “I pray at home three times a day. Even for festivals, I know how to pray. I learned by going to the synagogue. A Hebrew master came to teach us at home. Our elders passed it on to the next generation. They knew all the halacha and the youngsters learned from them. “This place is full of history. It was really beautiful. It was a little Jerusalem. Now it’s all gone. It’s all gone with the wind.” She sighs. “I’m all alone here. It’s a tragedy that everything is ending here. It’s sad but everything happens like this.” Yehi Zichra Baruch. May her memory be a blessing.
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 No matter where we live, Passover has a vast impact on who we are as Jews. Even if we know little else about Judaism, we know something about Pesah (the Hebrew word for Passover).
For many of us, Pesah probably means horseradish and gefilte fish, day-dayenu and mah nishtanah halayla hazeh. Sephardi communities worldwide have many different customs that enrich the festive meal, the seder. I grew up with many engaging Passover rituals that I still do today with my family. I also learned about the traditions of the Bene Israel and Cochin Jews as I researched and traveled the Jewish communities of India. One of the most meaningful customs in Sephardi homes is the following: We tie the afikoman in a large cloth or scarf, knotted on four ends to create a makeshift knapsack. The afikoman is the piece of matza that is sometimes hidden and is the last thing we eat at the seder. We give the "knapsack" to the youngest child, who slings it over his or her shoulder. The child recites a verse from Exodus: Misharotam tzerurot b’simlotam al shikhmam. Their kneading troughs were bound on their clothes on their shoulders. Later, before Mah nishtnah, the Four Questions, the leader asks the child three questions: Where have you come from? [Egypt]. Where are you going? [To Jerusalem] What are your provisions? The child points to the matza in the knapsack. In a modern take on this ritual, you could also ask kids–adults, too--to fill a knapsack in advance of the seder with things they would need if they were leaving Egypt. They might put their toothbrushes in, or leave it empty of everything except faith. The Bene Israel Jews of Bombay have a special seder plate, with handles on two sides. When they chant Ha Lacha Ma Anya {This is the Bread of Affliction], they lift the seder plate a little and say, "Bivhilu yatzanu mimitsrayim," in haste we left Egypt. When they reach the end of the paragraph, at the words "bene horin" (we are free people), they put the plate down, and then start again, repeating the ritual twice more for a total of three times. Everyone around the seder plate tries to touch it. If there are many people present, those who can’t touch the plate try to touch the shoulders of the person who’s touching it. The physical contact with the seder plate—even vicariously--contains so much energy! Preparing for Passover is a challenge for us wherever we live. For the Jews of Cochin, Matza Day was a drama like no other. Women and young people gathered in courtyard of one of homes. They prepared the dough and built a coconut husk fire which heated flat iron griddles. Water was drawn from special purified well to mix with flour. The dough was rolled out using hollow brass cylinders filled with metal beads so they produced a bell-like sound. In temperatures of 100 degrees, matza baked on hot griddles accompanied by sound of shofar and chanting of Pesah songs and sections of haggadah. Join me on April 17 to explore these and other Passover customs: A Taste of Passover from Baghdad to the Balkans. Through music, food customs, rituals, and stories, we’ll travel across the planet to glimpse the traditions of different Jewish communities, from matza-making to the Ten Plagues. We’ll learn how to personalize and re-enact the experience of leaving Egypt, share global interpretations of the classic dish of haroset; share contemporary ideas for children and families, and more. I hope you’ll be inspired to bring new ideas to your own seder table! April 17 at 1 pm ET A Taste of Passover from Baghdad to the Balkans Melton International, virtual program. Free. Register here  Testimonials from our February 2024 Participants: "For nearly a decade, I’d anticipated joining Rahel Musleah’s Explore Jewish India adventure. The experience has been more extraordinary and meaningful than I imagined, and continues to color my worldview. It is a blessing to have engaged in conversation and song with the vibrant, eccentric, humble, and inspiring Jews remaining in India--there are so few left, most of whom are elderly. Interacting with the history, context, and lives of this remnant within their actual communities was remarkable, and wove unforgettable personal connections while expanding my Jewish horizons. India is a feast for the senses; Explore Jewish India engages all five, plus, most profoundly, the spiritual. –Leah S, Mountain View, CA "Explore Jewish India was the trip of a lifetime. The loving and meticulous planning of our two stellar guides, Rahel Musleah and Joshua Shapurkar, was apparent every day, as they sought to attend to individual as well as group needs and preferences. I found the tour to be a perfect mixture of visits to synagogues as well as to non-Jewish sites. The highlight was getting to daven at Rahel's father's synagogue in Kolkata! Each day was another miraculous blessing. Go now!--Sharon D., Manhattan  "Explore Jewish India was a comprehensive, busy, exciting, eye-opening and heartwarming tour. Hotels were lovely and no tour members went hungry. All domestic flights were smooth and the safety of the group was always a priority. Rahel is passionate about the country she was born in, and her Jewish heritage is reflected in her knowledge and her magnificent voice while davening in synagogue services or teaching and leading us in Hebrew songs on the bus. Joshua was born and raised in India and is extremely knowledgeable in the history of his entire country. This is the trip to take! –Riva S., East Meadow, NY "Rahel and Joshua were the perfect guides on a wonderfully planned tour that broadly explores Indian history and culture and takes a deep dive into the rich history of Jewish India. Visits to historical sights were thoughtfully blended with personal, intimate gatherings and meals hosted by members of the local communities. An incredible trip!' –Allen E., Manhattan Register Now for our November Tour!  I love reading the first chapter of the Megillah. I delight in articulating the word Hodu, the Hebrew name for India, in the very first line. For me, it draws a direct Jewish connection to India that stretches from ancient to modern times. On Purim, we breathe a collective sigh that we, the Jewish people, were saved from annihilation centuries ago. As we remember the 13th of Adar, the date the lot (Pur) fell on, the date on which Haman planned to initiate the destruction of the Jews of the Persian kingdom, so October 7 is seared into our hearts and souls today. But, the Megillah tells us, the heroism of Mordecai and Esther transformed the 13th of Adar into a date on which the Jews fought back against those who sought to hurt them. They rested on the 14th day, and it became a day of celebration filled with light and joy: Purim. Over the centuries, special "Purims" were celebrated by the Jews of Baghdad--my ancestors. According to documents in the Sassoon archives, which my father pored over for his doctoral dissertation that was eventually published as a comprehensive history of the Jews of Calcutta (On The Banks of the Ganga), on the 11th of the month of Av, 1638, the Turkish sultan rescued the Jews of Baghdad from cruel Persian rule. A Baghdadi Jew is said to have found secret documents incriminating the Persians and, disguised as a Muslim, risked his life to bring them to the sultan. On reading the document, the sultan gathered his forces and marched on Baghdad. A century later, the Persians tried to retake the city but were repulsed by the reigning sultan, who won a great victory on the 16th of the month of Tevet, 1733. With anti-Semitism spiking globally today, the Purim story hardly seems ancient. Its contemporary relevance is striking.  Winter seems like a funny time to celebrate Tu B'Shvat, the Jewish Arbor Day or Earth Day. It’s a new year for the trees, and a time to celebrate the fruit of the earth. But bare branches still silhouette the sky, and the earth seems to shiver instead of blossom. In Israel, of course, the rainy season has passed, and the first buds begin to appear around Tu B'Shvat, the 15th day of the Hebrew month of Shvat. One of the most meaningful ways to celebrate Tu B'Shvat is to hold a seder. The Tu B'Shvat seder originated as a kabbalistic ritual that combines both the tangible and mystical, and honors the most wondrous of birthdays—the earth’s. We don’t really know when Tu Bishvat came to have the significance it has today. The references in the early Jewish Codes refer only to the eating of fruit on that day, an act that was explained as a prayer for the fertility of the trees. These codes also prescribe that, in view of the joyous nature of the day, no funeral orations (hesped), supplicatory prayers (Tahanoon), or fasting, be allowed. But no explicit mention was made of the day being a minor festival. Only in the later Middle Ages do we find descriptions of the manner in which the day was to be observed by Jews the world over, especially by Jews living in East. In India we called Tu B’shvat Tob Shebat. Because there is no "v" sound in Judeo-Arabic, the letter vet, or bet, is connected to the tet and yod, and becomes TOV, pronounced TOB. It's an auspicious twist, because tov means good. Tu B'shvat was also once an occasion to distribute charity to the poor in amounts of 91, The numerical value of the Hebrew word אִילָן, from the Aramaic word for tree. Today's seder is a simplified version of the intricate tradition described in Pri Etz Hadar (Fruit of the Beautiful or Magnificent Tree), an anthology of readings for Tu B'shvat from the 16th century. In our home in Calcutta, we invited guests to enjoy a bountiful spread of about 50 kinds of fruits and nuts, including the Seven Species of the land of Israel, and some fruit you've probably never heard of, like rose apple, moosambi (a type of lemon) and sapota (chickoo), with appropriate blessings recited for each. Readings from the Bible as well rabbinic and mystical texts that relate to fruit and trees are interspersed. Tu B'Shvat is also celebrated festively in other communities. Ladino-speaking Jews have a ceremony called Frutikas. The Bene Israel Jews of Bombay hold a malida, honoring the prophet Elijah, who the Bene Israel say rescued their ancestors from a shipwreck on Tu B'Shvat in.... India! After prayers are offered, members of the community eat from the malida offering, which features sweetened dried rice mixed with fruits, nuts, and aromatics, piled high in the center of a round plate. The malida is now a national ceremony on Tu B'Shvat. I also like to picture Tu B'Shvat as a journey of roots, something that marks so much of my work. We are the caretakers of the earth. Let's celebrate and protect it!   I am thrilled to share the news that my Passover Haggadah, Why on This Night: A Passover Haggadah for Family Celebration, which was first published by Simon and Schuster, has been recently updated and will be reprinted by Kalaniot Books. The new edition is set to be published on February 13, 2024. This contemporary family Haggadah brings the rich traditions of Passover to life. The 2000 edition has been updated, including a new cover, making this holiday favorite available once again for families to treasure. The Haggadah is lushly illustrated and includes blessings and text of every major section in Hebrew, English translation, and transliteration. The welcoming and accessible style of Why On This Night? will make it a treasured seder companion year after year. The haggadah is available on all major platforms, including Amazon; Barnes and Noble; Target; Walmart, and Bookshop.org. Pre-order today!   Make India Your Next Destination Our November 2023 group enjoyed India's vibrant culture, its warmth and its hospitality.
In Agra, we marveled at the Taj's graceful beauty, "a teardrop on the face of humanity," in the words of India's poet laureate Rabindranath Tagore. -- In Calcutta, we were awed by the dazzling Diwali celebrations and the riot of people at the Flower Market. Like Hanukkah, Diwali celebrates the triumph of light over darkness, of good over evil. -- In Jaipur, following a scrumptious meal at the home of a chef, we climbed into auto rickshaws to safely negotiate the throngs of people preparing for Diwali. It was worthy of an amusement park ride. -- In Mumbai, we participated in Shabbat services at the Knesseth Eliyahoo Synagogue and were warmly welcomed by the community. -- In Cochin, we watched the sun set over the spectacular Chinese fishing nets and were astonished at the 700 students who visited the Paradesi Synagogue on their school holiday. -- In Delhi, we marveled at the Sikh Temple's community kitchen that probably fed 50,000 on the day we visited, rich and poor alike, without distinction. Join us for our upcoming November 2024 tour. In our experience, you never know what will happen later, so don't delay. Register now. Namaste! --  India and Israel have had a deep connection since ancient times, when traders as far back as the reign of King Solomon may have made their way to the south of India. The Bene Israel Jews say they escaped the Hellenist persecution that caused the Maccabees to rebel. They were shipwrecked off the coast of Bombay and found refuge in the local villages. The Israeli stamp above, issued in 2012, recognized the ties between the two countries. Today, in these troubled times, India's government and its people support Israel. I am happy to report that our November group enjoyed a safe and successful tour. We loved the light and warmth of India during very dark times for the Jewish people and our beloved State of Israel.  In each and every synagogue and sacred space we visited, we prayed for the release of the hostages seized by Hamas and the safety of the soldiers and people of Israel. We said kaddish for those who were murdered. Descendants of India's Jewish communities—today numbering almost 100,000 strong in Israel—now serve in the IDF and were among those who were brutalized and lost their lives. We sang wherever we went: Hatikvah, Am Yisrael Hai, Kol Ha-olam Kulo (in Hebrew and Hindi), the Prayer for the State of Israel, and more. Above is a display of hostage posters poignantly displayed in Calcutta's Beth El Synagogue. Give Yourself a Hanukkah Gift!
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